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Carbon removal is the process of removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and locking it away for decades, centuries, or millennia.

This could slow, limit, or even reverse climate change — but it is not a substitute for cutting greenhouse gas emissions. Carbon removal is sometimes referred to as carbon dioxide removal or CDR, and technologies for implementing carbon removal are sometimes called Negative Emissions Technologies (NETs).

Prominent Methods for Carbon Removal:

• Afforestation/Reforestation- planting massive new forestsÌý
• Soil Carbon Sequestration- using no-till agriculture and other practices to increase the amount of carbon stored in soilsÌý
• Biochar- creating charcoal and burying it or plowing it into fieldsÌý
• Bioenergy with CCS or BECCS- capturing and sequestering carbon from biofuels and bioenergy plantsÌý
• Enhanced Mineralization- spreading crushed rocks over land to absorb carbon dioxide from the air or exposing them to carbon dioxide-rich fluidsÌý
• Direct Air Capture- building machines that would suck carbon dioxide directly out of the atmosphere and bury itÌý

Oceans-Based Methods

• Ocean Alkalinization- spreading alkaline materials, such as lime, over the oceanÌý
• fertilizing selected areas of the ocean by spreading nutrients, such as iron, over the surfaceÌý
• - fertilizing selected areas of the ocean by pumping nutrient-rich waters from the depths to the surfaceÌý
• accelerating the transport of carbon to the ocean depths by pumping surface waters downward

Similar methods for capturing and storing other greenhouse gases, such as methane, are known as greenhouse gas removal.Ìý